Technical knowledge base
200 articles. 20 technology areas.
Practical architecture, implementation, performance and production guidance based on the technologies I work with.
Showing 200 of 200 articles
AI & LLM
AI Memory: Designing Conversation Context Without Losing Control
02AI & LLMAI Observability: What to Monitor in LLM-Powered Applications03Elasticsearch / AlgoliaAlgolia Performance and Usage Optimisation04Linux / Apache / PM2Apache + Node.js: A Practical Production Architecture05Linux / Apache / PM2Apache Reverse Proxy Configuration for Node.js06Linux / Apache / PM2Apache Virtual Hosts for Multiple Applications07APIs & IntegrationsAPI Observability: Logs, Metrics and Traces That Matter08APIs & IntegrationsAPI Rate Limiting and Abuse Protection09APIs & IntegrationsAPI Versioning Without Creating a Maintenance Nightmare10Performance / DevOpsApplication Caching vs CDN Caching vs Browser Caching11Solution ArchitectureArchitecture Decisions That Matter Before Writing the First Line of Code12Solution ArchitectureArchitecture Documentation That Developers Can Actually Use13APIs & IntegrationsAuthentication vs Authorization in API Architecture14Node.jsBackground Jobs and Queues in Node.js Applications15Next.jsBuilding a Headless WordPress Frontend with Next.js16Tailwind / Frontend CSSBuilding Accessible Interfaces with Tailwind CSS17ReactBuilding Accessible React Interfaces from the Start18AI & LLMBuilding AI Automation Workflows with APIs, Queues and Human Approval19WordPress / Sage / ACFBuilding Component-Based WordPress with Sage and ACF Pro20APIs & IntegrationsBuilding Integration Layers Between SaaS Platforms21AI & LLMBuilding Production-Ready AI Applications: Architecture Beyond the LLM API22ShopifyBuilding Reliable Shopify Order Integrations23PythonCalling LLM APIs from Python Safely24AWS / Cloud / CloudflareCDN Architecture: What Should Be Cached at the Edge?25SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLChoosing SQL or NoSQL from Application Workload26Performance / DevOpsCI/CD Principles for Small and Medium Engineering Teams27AWS / Cloud / CloudflareCloud Cost Optimisation Without Sacrificing Reliability28AWS / Cloud / CloudflareCloud Hosting Decisions for Small and Growing Products29AWS / Cloud / CloudflareCloud Migration Planning for Legacy Applications30AWS / Cloud / CloudflareCloudflare as the Edge Layer for Modern Applications31ReactComponent Composition Patterns That Keep React Maintainable32Tailwind / Frontend CSSComponent-Driven UI with Tailwind and React33Tailwind / Frontend CSSCreating Reusable Layout Patterns with Tailwind34Tailwind / Frontend CSSDark Mode Architecture for Modern Web Apps35SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLDatabase Connection Management in Web Applications36SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLDatabase Indexing: How to Think About Query Performance37SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLDatabase Migration Strategies for Growing Products38Performance / DevOpsDatabase Performance as an Application Architecture Problem39PythonDeploying Python Applications Behind Apache or a Reverse Proxy40Tailwind / Frontend CSSDesign Tokens and Consistent UI Systems41Next.jsDesigning a Next.js Application for Long-Term Growth42AWS / Cloud / CloudflareDesigning a Practical AWS Architecture for Web Applications43AWS / Cloud / CloudflareDesigning a Production Architecture with Cloudflare and Linux44ReactDesigning a Scalable React Application Structure45ShopifyDesigning a Scalable Shopify Storefront46Tailwind / Frontend CSSDesigning a Scalable Tailwind CSS Design System47Elasticsearch / AlgoliaDesigning Autocomplete Without Overloading Your Search Platform48AI & LLMDesigning Business AI Chatbots with Reliable Context and Guardrails49AWS / Cloud / CloudflareDesigning Cloud Environments for Development, Staging and Production50WooCommerceDesigning Custom WooCommerce Checkout Flows51Next.jsDesigning Data Fetching and Caching in Next.js52Elasticsearch / AlgoliaDesigning E-commerce Search with Facets and Filters53Solution ArchitectureDesigning for Failure: Timeouts, Retries, Fallbacks and Graceful Degradation54ReactDesigning Forms in Large React Applications55MongoDBDesigning High-Read Applications with MongoDB56SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLDesigning MySQL Schemas for High-Traffic Applications57React NativeDesigning OTP Authentication in React Native58Node.jsDesigning Production Node.js Applications59PythonDesigning Python APIs for Production60Node.jsDesigning Real-Time Features with Node.js61APIs & IntegrationsDesigning Reliable Payment Gateway Integrations62SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLDesigning Reporting Queries Without Slowing the Main Application63WordPress / Sage / ACFDesigning Reusable ACF Components for Enterprise WordPress64React NativeDesigning Reusable React Native Components65PHP / Laravel / SymfonyDesigning Service Layers in Laravel Without Overengineering66Solution ArchitectureDesigning Systems for Growth Without Overengineering67AWS / Cloud / CloudflareDNS, CDN and Origin Architecture Explained68Elasticsearch / AlgoliaElasticsearch Index Design for Product Catalogues69Elasticsearch / AlgoliaElasticsearch vs Algolia: Choosing a Search Strategy70MongoDBEmbedding vs Referencing in MongoDB71WordPress / Sage / ACFEnterprise WordPress Content Modelling with ACF72APIs & IntegrationsError Handling Standards for Distributed APIs73Node.jsExpress.js Project Structure: Keeping Controllers and Business Logic Clean74PythonFastAPI Architecture for Modern Backend Services75AI & LLMFrom Chatbot to AI Agent: Designing Tool-Using AI Systems76Tailwind / Frontend CSSFrom Figma to Production UI with Tailwind CSS77React NativeHandling Offline and Unstable Networks in Mobile Apps78Elasticsearch / AlgoliaHow Search Architecture Affects E-commerce Performance79Solution ArchitectureHow to Define Boundaries Between Frontend, Backend and Data80APIs & IntegrationsHow to Design APIs That Can Survive Growth81Performance / DevOpsHow to Find the Real Bottleneck in a Slow Application82WordPress / Sage / ACFHow to Keep Enterprise WordPress Maintainable for Years83Solution ArchitectureHow to Review an Existing Application Architecture Step by Step84Solution ArchitectureHow to Turn Business Requirements into a Production Architecture85WooCommerceKeeping a Large WooCommerce Plugin Stack Maintainable86PHP / Laravel / SymfonyLaravel Application Architecture Beyond Controllers87Linux / Apache / PM2Linux Permissions and Web Application Deployment88Linux / Apache / PM2Linux Server Monitoring for Web Applications89Linux / Apache / PM2Linux Server Setup for Modern Web Applications90AI & LLMLLM APIs vs Traditional APIs: Where Each Belongs in a Modern System91Magento 2Magento 2 API Integrations: Patterns for Reliable Commerce Systems92Magento 2Magento 2 Architecture: Designing for Long-Term Scalability93Magento 2Magento 2 Checkout Customisation Without Creating Technical Debt94Magento 2Magento 2 Dependency Injection Explained for Developers95Magento 2Magento 2 Indexers, Cache and Why They Matter96Magento 2Magento 2 Module Architecture for Maintainable Extensions97Magento 2Magento 2 Multi-Store and Multi-Region Architecture98Magento 2Magento 2 Performance: Where Should You Start?99Magento 2Magento 2 Search Architecture with Elasticsearch100Magento 2Magento 2 Upgrade Planning: How to Reduce Migration Risk101Node.jsManaging Configuration and Secrets in Node.js102WooCommerceManaging WooCommerce Orders at Scale103PHP / Laravel / SymfonyModern PHP 8 Architecture for Maintainable Applications104PHP / Laravel / SymfonyModernising a Legacy PHP Application Safely105MongoDBMongoDB Aggregation Pipelines for Business Applications106MongoDBMongoDB Data Modelling for Multi-Tenant Applications107MongoDBMongoDB Indexes: Designing for Real Application Queries108MongoDBMongoDB Migration Planning for Existing Applications109MongoDBMongoDB Pagination Patterns for Large Collections110MongoDBMongoDB Schema Design: Start with Queries and Workloads111MongoDBMongoDB Transactions: When You Actually Need Them112SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLMongoDB vs PostgreSQL: Choosing a Database for a New Application113Performance / DevOpsMonitoring Production Applications Before Users Report Problems114Solution ArchitectureMonolith vs Microservices: Choosing Architecture from Workload and Team Needs115Next.jsMoving an Existing React Application to Next.js: What to Plan First116WooCommerceMoving from Ecwid to WooCommerce: Architecture and Migration Planning117Next.jsNext.js Authentication and Protected Application Routes118Next.jsNext.js Performance: Images, Fonts, Bundles and Caching119Next.jsNext.js Server Components vs Client Components120Node.jsNode.js API Architecture for Growing Applications121Node.jsNode.js Authentication and Authorization Patterns122Node.jsNode.js Error Handling for Real Production Systems123Node.jsNode.js Performance: Event Loop, I/O and Database Bottlenecks124Performance / DevOpsPerformance Budgets for Modern Web Applications125Performance / DevOpsPerformance Optimisation Is More Than Making a Website Faster126Performance / DevOpsPerformance Regression Testing for Growing Applications127PHP / Laravel / SymfonyPHP API Security: Authentication, Validation and Rate Limiting128PHP / Laravel / SymfonyPHP Application Deployment on Linux and Apache129PHP / Laravel / SymfonyPHP Dependency Management with Composer130PHP / Laravel / SymfonyPHP Performance: Finding Bottlenecks Before Rewriting Code131React NativePlanning a React Native App for Long-Term Maintenance132ShopifyPlanning a Shopify Migration Without Losing SEO133WordPress / Sage / ACFPlanning a WordPress Website Migration Without Breaking SEO134SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLPostgreSQL vs MySQL: Architecture Questions That Matter135Linux / Apache / PM2Production Deployment Workflows Without Docker136AI & LLMPrompt Engineering vs Application Engineering: What Actually Matters in Production137PythonPython as the Integration Layer for AI Workflows138PythonPython Background Jobs and Automation139PythonPython Data Processing for E-commerce Workflows140PythonPython Service Design: Keeping Business Logic Maintainable141PHP / Laravel / SymfonyQueues and Background Jobs in Laravel142AI & LLMRAG Architecture Explained: From Documents to Grounded Answers143ReactReact Error Handling and Resilient User Experiences144React NativeReact Native API and State Management Patterns145React NativeReact Native Architecture for Production Mobile Apps146React NativeReact Native Performance: Lists, Images and Navigation147React NativeReact Native Without Expo: When Native Control Matters148ReactReact Performance: Finding the Real Bottleneck149ReactReact State Management: Choosing the Right Boundary150SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLRead Replicas: When They Help and What They Do Not Solve151Performance / DevOpsReducing API Latency in Production152AI & LLMReducing LLM Cost and Latency Without Sacrificing Product Quality153Elasticsearch / AlgoliaReplacing or Re-Architecting Search Without Breaking the Storefront154Tailwind / Frontend CSSResponsive Design Architecture for Modern Web Applications155APIs & IntegrationsREST API Design Principles for Real Applications156ReactReusable React Components Without Overengineering157React NativeRole-Based Mobile Applications with React Native158Node.jsRunning Node.js Behind Apache with PM2159Linux / Apache / PM2Running Node.js with PM2 in Production160Solution ArchitectureScalability vs Performance: Understanding the Difference161MongoDBScaling MongoDB Read-Heavy Applications162Elasticsearch / AlgoliaSearch Indexing Pipelines: Keeping Data in Sync163Elasticsearch / AlgoliaSearch Relevance: What to Measure Beyond Response Time164Elasticsearch / AlgoliaSearch Result Limits and Why They Affect API Usage165React NativeSecure Token Storage in React Native Applications166AWS / Cloud / CloudflareSecuring Web Applications at the Edge167Next.jsSEO Architecture for Next.js Applications168ReactServer Data vs UI State in React Applications169ShopifyShopify and Headless Commerce: When Does It Make Sense?170ShopifyShopify App Integrations: Webhooks, APIs and Reliable Sync171ShopifyShopify Architecture: What You Control and What Shopify Controls172ShopifyShopify Automation with APIs and Webhooks173ShopifyShopify Performance Optimisation from Storefront to Third Parties174ShopifyShopify Product and Catalogue Data Architecture175ShopifyShopify vs Custom Commerce: Architecture Questions to Ask176Linux / Apache / PM2SSL and Certbot: A Practical Production Setup177Next.jsSSR, SSG and CSR: Choosing the Right Next.js Rendering Strategy178Next.jsStructuring a Large Next.js Codebase for Multiple Teams179PHP / Laravel / SymfonySymfony Architecture for Large Business Applications180Tailwind / Frontend CSSTailwind CSS Performance and Production Builds181Tailwind / Frontend CSSTailwind CSS Without Creating Utility-Class Chaos182Solution ArchitectureTechnical Debt: How Architects Should Decide What to Fix First183PythonTesting Production Python APIs184ReactTesting React Components Without Testing Implementation Details185SQL / MySQL / PostgreSQLTransactions and Consistency in Business Applications186PythonUsing Python for AI and Application APIs187Performance / DevOpsWeb Performance: From Browser to Backend188APIs & IntegrationsWebhook Design: Idempotency, Retries and Security189WordPress / Sage / ACFWhen Should You Move WordPress to Next.js?190WordPress / Sage / ACFWhy Headless WordPress Can Make Sense for Large Websites191WooCommerceWooCommerce and Headless WordPress: When to Separate the Frontend192WooCommerceWooCommerce API Integrations for External Systems193WooCommerceWooCommerce Architecture for Growing Stores194WooCommerceWooCommerce Payment Gateway Integration Patterns195WooCommerceWooCommerce Performance: Where to Look First196WooCommerceWooCommerce Product Data and Custom Fields Architecture197WordPress / Sage / ACFWordPress as a Content Platform Instead of a Frontend198WordPress / Sage / ACFWordPress Performance: Plugins, Queries, Cache and Frontend Assets199WordPress / Sage / ACFWordPress Theme Architecture with Roots Sage200Linux / Apache / PM2Zero-Downtime Deployment Patterns for Node.js Applications